肼-铜离子阻燃改性腈纶的结构及其阻燃机理

作者通过 IR,UV-VI,DSC 等测试手段,研究了各种改性腈纶纤维的结构及阻燃机理。结果表明:经两步法制得的铜改性腈纶纤维与钙改性纤维相比,除水解量少,改性纤维的强度较高外,还具有较牢固的螯合交联结构,使之在受热燃烧时,大大减少了因燃烧产生的热量;限氧指数值高达50以上,进一步提高了阻燃效果及其实用价值。     

海神单胞菌属的基因组测序数据分析

海神单胞菌属（Neptunomonas）于1999年被首次鉴定,目前包含8个菌种,其中6个已经完成全基因组测序。本文总结了海神单胞菌属的菌种特征和基因组信息,并利用基因组测序数据对该菌属的碳源利用途径、聚羟基脂肪酸酯代谢途径和芳香族化合物降解途径进行了分析。研究发现,海神单胞菌属具有完整的糖酵解和乙酸利用途径,普遍含有Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型的聚羟基脂肪酸酯合成酶,存在芳香族化合物的降解途径。基因组测序数据分析结果可以为海神单胞菌属在聚羟基脂肪酸酯合成与环境治理保护等领域的应用提供理论依据。     

长江口底层水中有机锡赋存特征及其在低氧区的行为

2019年夏季在长江口―东海海域纵向断面上进行现场采样和观测,获取了12个走航站位和低氧区1个连续测站的水质数据和24个底层水样,样品经过滤、固相萃取和乙基化衍生等处理后利用气相色谱?质谱联用仪检测了9种有机锡化合物浓度,旨在分析其在长江口海域的空间分布和潮汐变化特征,并探索其在口外低氧区的行为。结果表明,在长江口海域底层水体中溶解态有机锡质量浓度范围为33.9 ~ 203 ng?L^-1 （以Sn计, 以下同）,平均值为125 ng?L^-1;仅有42%样品检出三丁基锡（TBT）,其质量浓度最高可达53.1 ng?L^-1,其余8种有机锡化合物检出率可达92%~100%。其中,甲基锡类质量浓度为（36.7 ± 16.2）ng?L^-1,约占溶解态有机锡质量浓度的20% ~ 40%;丁基锡类质量浓度为（33.1 ± 22.0）ng?L^-1,约占溶解态有机锡质量浓度的16% ~ 45%;苯基锡类质量浓度为（55.7 ± 12.4）ng?L^-1,约占溶解态有机锡质量浓度的26% ~ 59%。在河口最大浑浊带和口外低氧区,以及低氧区的涨潮流向落潮流转换阶段,底层水出现溶解态有机锡的质量浓度峰值,主要增加的是TBT及一取代有机锡化合物。研究还发现,三苯基锡（TPhT）和一丁基锡（MBT）质量浓度随溶解氧饱和度降低而增加。潮汐影响下底边界层中的再悬浮和还原溶解过程,导致底层水中的TBT和TPhT等有机锡呈现脉冲式暴露,其生态风险值得进一步关注和研究。     

反硝化生物滤池深度脱氮中试运行效能及微生物菌群分析

以污水处理厂二级出水为原水,开展了水力负荷、碳氮比和温度等关键参数的中试运行效能研究。中试系统中主要利用外加碳源而不是二级出水原水中的有机物进行反硝化,较优的水力负荷和碳氮比分别为5 m·h^-1和4,对化学需氧量（COD）和总氮（TN）的去除率分别为62.8%和67.3%;在温度为15~27 ℃时,中试系统的出水TN稳定在10.0 mg·L^-1以下。中试系统中,不仅Hyphomicrobium和Methyloversatilis等传统反硝化细菌的相对丰度较高（占25.12%）,Methylotenera和Paracoccus等同步硝化反硝化细菌的相对丰度也较高（占33.29%）,以上优势菌种的存在保证了系统的高效脱氮效果。     

酿酒用高产洛伐他汀红曲菌的筛选

为获得酿酒用高产洛伐他汀红曲菌株,研究以洛伐他汀含量、红曲色素色价、桔霉素含量及红曲菌产酶能力为评价指标,通过固态发酵法从不同产地40份红曲米中筛选出1株高产洛伐他汀的菌株H5-3,经形态观察和分子生物学鉴定,判定该菌株为紫色红曲菌。经过检测,菌株H5-3的洛伐他汀产量高达17.90mg/g,红色素色价3195.27μ/g,糖化酶、液化酶、酸性蛋白酶的活力分别达2514.26、0.32、300.19U/g,且该菌株不产桔霉素,是可应用于红曲黄酒酿造的功能红曲菌。进一步将该紫色红曲菌H5-3应用于红曲黄酒的酿造,制得的红曲黄酒中洛伐他汀质量浓度63.75mg/L,红色素色价22.86μ/mL,酒精度14.86%,总酸4.90g/L,氨基酸态氮0.83g/L。对制得的红曲黄酒风味物质进行分析,发现有机酸质量浓度为12.70g/L,其中乳酸、乙酸、琥珀酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸为其主要成分,分别占总量质量分数的28.2%、21.9%、14.5%、12.2%、5.7%;游离氨基酸质量浓度3540.58mg/L;在挥发性风味物质中,酯类、醇类为主要成分,分别占总量质量分数的48.4%、43.9%,其中乙酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯、丁二酸二乙酯、正丙醇、苯乙醇等含量较高,对风味有较大贡献;有机酸、游离氨基酸和挥发性风味物质含量比例协调。希望研究对传统红曲菌种资源的发掘利用以及红曲黄酒保健功能的提升具有参考价值。     

Interface microstructure and formation mechanism of ultrasonic spot welding for Al–Ti dissimilar metals

The present study focuses on interface microstructure and joint formation. AA6061 aluminum alloy (Al) and commercial pure ti-tanium (Ti) joints were welded by ultrasonic spot welding (USW). The welding energy was 1100–3200 J. The Al–Ti joint appearance and in-terface microstructure were observed mainly via optical microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Results indicated that a good joint can be achieved only with proper welding energy of 2150 J. No significant intermetallic compound (IMC) was found under all con-ditions. The high energy barriers of Al–Ti and difficulties in diffusion were the main reasons for the absence of IMC according to kinetic ana-lysis. The heat input is crucial for the material plastic flow and bonding area, which plays an important role in the joint formation.     

Insect behavior at the leaf surface and learning as aspects of host plant selection

Summary Direct observations on the feeding behavior of insect herbivores are uncommon, but important. The important aspects of host-plant selection by phytophagous insects that have been revealed by such observations are the role of chemicals in the leaf surface, and learning. There are few detailed reports of behavior at the leaf surface, but these indicate that many, if not all, insects exhibit behavior pattenrs that can be interpreted as an examination of the quality of the surface and acceptance or rejection may follow without further testing. A number of experiments show that chemicals from the leaf surface commonly contribute to the acceptability or otherwise of a plant and in most cases so far the active chemicals are of widespread occurrence, not having a specific association with the host plant. Some experiments show that the association between surface chemicals and plant palatability is learned, but in other cases there is evidence of an innate response. Habituation to deterrent chemicals has been demonstrated in the laboratory, but not in the field. Food aversion learning also occurs and may be important in dietary switching by polyphagous insects.     

四氯合金属(Ⅱ)酸双烷基铵的合成、结构和相变研究 I.(n-C_(12)H_(25)NH_3)_2MCI_4(M=Zn、Cu)

合成了二维片层化合物(n-C_(12)H_(25)NH_3)_2MCl_4(M=Zn、Cu),并且用元素分析和富里叶变换红外光谱对其进行了表征、用热分析法确定了它们的分解温度、相变温度和相变焓。     

释"臬"

文章分析了“臬”字的甲骨文形体，该词为上从“自”下从“木”的会意字。在综合考察“臬”的形体构造、“臬”一词在早期典籍中的用法以及“臬”的同源词的情况以后，“臬”一词完整的发生背景可重构为：把刑罚所割去的鼻子置于树干上当作箭靶来射。     

Study on characteristics of double surface VOC emissions from dry fiat-plate building materials

This paper sets up an analytic model of double surface emission of volatile organic compound （VOC） from dry, flat-plate building materials. Based on it, the influence of factors including air change rate, loading factor of materials in the room, mass diffusion coefficient, partition coefficient, convective mass transfer coefficient, thickness of materials, asymmetric convective flow and initial VOC concentration distribution in the building material on emission is discussed. The conditions for simplifying double surface emission into single surface emission are also discussed. The model is helpful to assess the double surface VOC emission from flat-plate building materials used in indoor furniture and space partition.